Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iDirectX iye yaba yiseti yee-API ezixhasa umzobo wemidlalo yePC kwaye ihamba kunye ukuvela kwamakhadi emizoboNamhlanje, kugxilwe kwi-DirectX 13, i-evolution ethembisa indibaniselwano ukuphuculwa komsebenzi, umgangatho wokubonwayo, kunye nezixhobo zomphuhlisi enokuphawula omnye umtsi obalulekileyo kwi-Windows kunye ne-Xbox ecosystem.
Nangona kungekho sibhengezo sisemthethweni okwangoku, iingcebiso kunye namagqabantshintshi kwimisitho kunye nodliwanondlebe lwalatha kwisizukulwana senkqubela phambili egxile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye ne-AI. Eli nqaku libonelela ngesishwankathelo esicwangcisiweyo sento onokuthi uyilindele kwiDirectX 13: kwiitekhnoloji ezinjenge-SER 2.0 okanye unikezelo lwe-neural ngenkxaso yeqonga elinqamlezileyo, ukusuka ekusebenzisaneni kunye neemfuno kwiWindows, ukuya kwimpembelelo yangempela kwimidlalo kunye nengxoxo evulekileyo malunga nokuba kuya kubakho utshintsho lwenguqu okanye ukuqhubeka kwemodeli yohlaziyo ye-DX12.
Iimpawu ezintsha eziphambili zibalelwa kwiDirectX 13
Iingcebiso zobugcisa zamva nje kunye nemiboniso, ekhankanywe kwiiforam zeshishini njenge-GDC kunye ne-Gamescom, ipeyinta imephu yendlela enamacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo. Injongo ilula: ukufumana okungakumbi kwii-GPU zanamhlanje, ukwenza ubomi bube lula kwizitudiyo, kwaye uvule umnyango kubuchule be-AI ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yemizobo. Phakathi kwezinto ezilindelekileyo zezi: Ulungelelwaniso ngokutsha lokwenziwa kweShader (SER) 2.0I-Native neural rendering, i-Advanced Shader Delivery kunye ne-Opacity Micromaps, kunye nophuculo olunokwenzeka kwi-mesh shading kunye nolawulo lwememori.
Ulungelelwaniso ngokutsha lokwenziwa kweShader (SER) 2.0
Inikwe njengenguquko ye-SER, esele ivele kwiDirectX 12 ray tracing (DXR). Obu buchwephesha bulungelelanisa ngokutsha ukwenziwa komsonto ukuze kuxhamle ngokupheleleyo i-GPU parallelism. Enyanisweni, oku kuguqulela ku ukusetyenziswa ngcono kwee-cores kunye ne-latency encinci xa kukho inani elikhulu lemitha kunye nezixhobo ezinzima kwisikrini.
- Ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwimiboniso enomkhondo onzulu we-ray, ukwenziwa kakuhle komyalelo wophumezo.
- Ukunciphisa iibhotile kunye nexesha lokunciphisa kwii-shaders.
- Ukulinganisa okusebenzayo ngakumbi kwii-GPU ezineeyunithi ezininzi zekhompyutha.
Nge-SER 2.0, iinjini ziya kukwazi ukulungelelanisa umthwalo kwinqwelomoya, enceda kwizihloko zehlabathi ezivulekileyo kunye ijometri exinene kakhulu, apho ixabiso le-RT lidla ngokunyuka.
Unikezelo lwe-neural oluxhaswayo
Olunye lolona phuhliso lubalulekileyo kukufika kwe-neural network-based rendering ngokusebenzisa izakhono ezisemgangathweni ngaphakathi kwe-API ngokwayo. UMicrosoft ubhengeze ukuba inkxaso yevector yentsebenziswano iya kuvumela ii-shaders ukuba zibhengeze iinethiwekhi ezincinci ze-neural ngokufanelekileyo kwizixhobo ze-AI ezinikezelweyo ezifumaneka kwii-GPU ezivela kwi-NVIDIA, AMD, Intel okanye neQualcomm.
Isiphumo esithe ngqo sesokuba ubuchule obufana nokunyuswa kobukrelekrele, ukongezwa kokuthungwa, kunye nokulinganisa kuya kuba nakho ukuxhamla I-NPU/AI engundoqo yokukhawulezisa ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwizandiso zobunini ezivela kumenzi omnye.
- Ukunyuka kwesizukulwana esilandelayo ngaphaya kwe-DLSS, FSR okanye i-XeSS namhlanje, ngozinzo lwexeshana olungcono.
- Ukucokisa ubume kunye neenkcukacha ezintle ngexesha langempela usebenzisa iinethiwekhi ezikhaphukhaphu.
- Ifiziksi encediswa yi-AI, oopopayi, kunye nezibane zokukhanyisa kumbhobho wemizobo.
Ngokwembali, itekhnoloji efana neGameWorks yenze iisilos. Ngokumisela indlela ye-neural kwi-DirectX, ukwamkelwa ngama-studios kuyakhuthazwa ngaphandle kokwesaba Vala abadlali ngophawu lwe-GPUImizekelo efana ne-Neural Radiance Cache ilindele into ezayo: umgangatho ophezulu kunye neefps eziphezulu kunye neendlela zokucinga.
Ukuhanjiswa kweShader okuPhambili
Ichazwa njengolwakhiwo olulungiselelwe ukusasaza kunye nokulayisha i-shaders ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nefuthe elithile kwizixhobo eziphathekayo kunye neengqungquthela. Umbono kukunciphisa amaxesha okuqalisa, ukunciphisa ukuthintitha, kunye Phucula ulawulo lwepakethe ye-shader kwiisistim ezinobuncwane obuncinci okanye ngaphandle kwe-GPU ephezulu. Ngokudibanisa ne-Agility SDK, i Unikezelo lweshader olukwinqanaba eliphezulu Oku kuya kwenza kube lula ukuhlaziya amacandelo emibhobho ngaphandle kokulinda uhlaziyo olukhulu lwe-OS, oluthi ngokwemihla ngemihla luguqulelwe amaxesha amafutshane wokuhlanganisa kuphuhliso kunye nokuphumla kancinci ngelixa udlala.
Iimayikhro zokungabonakalisi (OMMs)
Ii-OMM ziphakamisa indlela yokukhawulezisa yejometri ye-semi-transparent (izityalo, iglasi, umsi), ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-AnyHit kwi-RT. Ngokunikezela inxalenye yesigqibo se-opacity kwizakhiwo ezizinikeleyo, i-hardware inokusombulula ezi ndawo ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuhambelana okukhulu.
Kwizihloko ezinobuninzi bezityalo okanye iziphumo ze-volumetric, obu buchule bunceda ukuzinzisa izakhelo kunye ukunciphisa iindleko eziphakamileyo xa izinto ezingafihliyo kunye nemitha zidibana.
Ukuphuculwa kwe-mesh shading kunye nolawulo lwememori olucokisekileyo
Omnye ummandla oqwalaselwayo ubandakanya ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi i-shading ye-mesh eyaziswa nge-DX12 Ultimate, evumela ukuhamba kwedatha yegranular kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, ulwabiwo lwememori olukrelekrele luya kunceda ... kunqande ukuqhekeka kunye nokugqithiswa kweendleko kwimiba enomthwalo ophezulu wokusasaza.
Injongo, ukongeza ekunyuseni izinga lesakhelo, kukubonelela ngentsebenzo eqikelelweyo: ukuba ihlabathi elikhulu elinamakhulukhulu ezinto ezizodwa kunye nezixhobo. umnatha woxinaniso oluphezulu Gcina i-cadence engatshintshiyo ngaphandle kwee-spikes ezingalindelekanga.
Impembelelo elindelekileyo kwiPC nakwi-Xbox yokudlala
Sicinga ngako konke oku kungasentla, luluphi utshintsho oluthi sihleli phantsi ukuze sidlale? Impendulo ecacileyo yintsebenzo kunye nomgangatho wokubonwayo, kodwa kuyafaneleka ukucacisa ukuba njani kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko. IDirectX 13 ayisebenzi ngomlingo ngokwayo: Izifundo kufuneka zamkele kunye ne-hardware kufuneka ixhase imisebenzi yayo.
Ukusebenza: ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza
Imithombo emininzi icebisa ukuba izihloko ezisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo i-API entsha zinokubona ukuphucuka okubalulekileyo ekunikezeleni ngokufanelekileyo. Amanani ukuya kuthi ga [kwipesenti elahlekileyo] ayaxoxwa. I-30% kwiimeko ezithile ezisebenzisa kakuhle i-SER 2.0, ii-OMM kunye ne-neural pathways.
Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo yokwenyani iya kuxhomekeka ekudityanisweni kweenjini zomdlalo (i-Unreal, Unity, ii-proprietary engines) kunye nokudibanisa kwe-CPU, i-GPU, i-NPU, kunye nokugcinwa. DirectStorage 2.0 kunye ne-NVMe, umgama ophakathi idatha kwidiski kunye neGPU, enciphisa izitali zokusasaza kumazwe avulekileyo.
Umgangatho obonakalayo: ukukhanya kunye neenkcukacha ngaphandle kokurhafisa okugqithisileyo
Ukungeniswa kumbhobho kuya kuvumela, umzekelo, ukukhanya okukholelekayo okungathanga ngqo kunye neendleko ezilawulwayo, ukuthungwa kunye ubukhali obungcono kwi-bandwidth efanayo kunye nolwakhiwo olomeleleyo lwexeshana oluthomalalisa isiporho kunye nokubengezela.
Ngamanye amazwi, inyani yomzuzu ukuya kumzuzu ngaphandle kwempembelelo enzima kangaka kwizakhelo ngomzuzwana, enkosi ubuchule obusemgangathweni be-neural engasaxhomekeke kumboneleli omnye.
Uzinzo kunye nokuhambelana: ukukhuhlana okuncinci kwiinjini
Ukudityaniswa ne-Agility SDK kukhawuleza ukufika kweempawu ezintsha kwimidlalo esele ifakiwe, ngaphandle kokulinda uhlaziyo olukhulu lwenkqubo yokusebenza. Oku kufuneka kuguqulelwe kwi Iibugs ezimbalwa phakathi kwemidibaniso yehardware, abaqhubi abaqalwa ngcono kunye neepetshi ezikhawulezayo.
Ukuba i-Advanced Shader Delivery iphila ngokwezithembiso zayo, siya kubona ukuncitshiswa kwamaxesha okudibanisa kunye nokushukuma okuncinci xa ulayisha iishader ezibukhoma, into ebaluleke kakhulu iilaptops kunye neeconsoles kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluqinileyo. Ukongeza, gcina i Abaqhubi beGPU Oku kuya kuba ngundoqo ekuphepheni ukungahambelani.
Ukuhambelana, amaqonga, kunye neemfuno kwiWindows
Yonke into ikhomba kwiDirectX 13 esebenza njengephupha Windows 11, ngenkxaso engaphelelanga kuhlelo oluthile lwe Windows 10. Ukufumana okuninzi kuyo, ukuseta okufanelekileyo kudibanisa iGPU yamva nje (funda indlela yahlula phakathi kwezinikeleyo nedibeneyo), i-CPU ene-iGPU kunye ne-NPU yanamhlanje, kunye ne-NVMe SSD eyenza DirectStorage 2.0 ngokupheleleyo.
- iiGPU zamva nje ezivela kwiNVIDIA, AMD, kunye neIntel, kunye Iiyunithi ze-AI kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-RT.
- Ii-CPU ezine-iGPU kunye ne-NPU ukukhawulezisa umthwalo we-neural kwimidlalo.
- I-NVMe SSD yokugcina ukusasaza kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha omthwalo.
Olunye upapasho lubonisa ukuba iMicrosoft izakubeka phambili ukudibanisa le API kwiPC kunye neXbox, ngeengcebiso zezixhobo ezifana nezibizwa ngokuba. ROG Xbox Ally XKuvakala ukuba iza kufika ngenkxaso yemveli. Ngaphandle kwesibhengezo esisemthethweni esiqinisekileyo, kungcono ukuthatha oku njengesikhokelo esicacileyo seqonga, kodwa hayi njengesiqinisekiso esiqinisekileyo.
Ngaphaya kwegama, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba indlela yeDirectX ikhokelela ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwe-AI kunye umgangatho phakathi kwababoneleliOku kuxhamlisa isiseko somdlali wonke kwaye kwenza izigqibo zokuthenga zibe lula.
Loluphi utshintsho kwiistudiyo zemidlalo kunye neenjini?
Kubaphuhlisi, i-DirectX 13 ingaphezulu nje kweseti yezinto: lithuba lokulinganisa ulawulo olucacileyo kunye nemveliso. Amaxesha acuthiweyo okusasazwa alindelekile ngenxa yezixhobo ezibhetyebhetye ngakumbi, ukhetho lokudala ihlabathi elintsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokusebenza ukohlwaya, kunye nokuba nokwenzeka thembele kwi-AI yexesha lokwenene oopopayi, ifiziksi ekhanyayo, okanye ukwakhiwa kwakhona.
Iinjini ezifana ne-Unreal Engine kunye ne-Unity 3D sele zihlola ukuhambelana ukuze, xa i-API isekwe ngokupheleleyo, amaqela angenza iimpawu ngendlela yemodyuli. Izithembiso ze-SDK entsha Ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo, ukukhuhlana okuncinci kunye nomqhubi kunye nokusasazwa kwe-agile phakathi kwamaqonga.
Umxholo ophindaphindiweyo kuluntu (umzekelo, kuhlalutyo lobugcisa beendaba) kukuba kuya kuba yinto enqwenelekayo ukubuyisela ukulungelelaniswa kwenqanaba lomqhubi elinikezelwa yi-DirectX 11, idibene nenkululeko ye-DX12. Olu lungelelwano luya kunciphisa ubunzima begalelo ngaphandle kokuncama isohlwayo kulawulo lwezibonelelo ukuba izitudiyo ezinkulu zifuna.
Ukunqweneleka kwe-DX13 yokumanyanisa iindlela ezithile ezikhoyo ngoku kuphela njengezandiso ezikhethekileyo ze-brand, ezifana nokwahluka kokwenziwa kwe-shader, kuyaxoxwa ngazo. Indlela engathathi hlangothi iya kuququzelela ukwamkelwa kwabantu abaninzi kunye iya kuphelisa ukuqhekeka ezithe ngokwembali zidale ukungalingani phakathi kwabadlali.
Njengokufuna ukwazi, abanye bacebisa ukuba, ngenxa yeenkolelo, inguqulelo elandelayo enkulu inokutsiba inani elingu-13. Ngaphaya kwegama, injongo ekwabelwana ngayo kukuba i-API ecacileyo, enamandla kwaye ezinzileyo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
Iza kukhutshwa nini ngokwenene, kwaye kutheni kukho ingxoxo malunga nemodeli yoguqulelo?
Ukujonga ixesha lembali, i-DirectX 11 yafika kwi-2009 (iminyaka emihlanu emva kwe-DX10) kunye ne-DirectX 12 kwi-2015 (iminyaka emithandathu kamva). Ngelo xesha, abanye bacingela malunga ne-DX13 malunga ne-2022, kwaye abasebenzisi abaninzi bazibuza ukuba balinde ngaphambi kokuthenga i-GPU. Inyani yileyo I-DX12 iye yaqhubeka isanda ngokusebenzisa iimodyuli ezifana ne-DX12 Ultimate, ukulibazisa imfuno yokutshintsha idijithi.
IMicrosoft iye yavela DirectX 12 Ngomaleko ongezelelweyo, izandiso, kunye ne-SDK edala ngakumbi, kuye kwenzeka ukubandakanya itekhnoloji enamandla kakhulu (iRay Tracing, iRate Rate Shading, Mesh Shaders, iSampler Feedback) ngaphandle kokuyibiza ngokutsha kwinguqulelo entsha. Ngenxa yoko, abanye abahlalutyi bayayigcina loo nto Kusenokungabikho i-DX13 esesikweni. kwaye yonke into ifika njengokuphindaphindwa kwe-DX12.
Kwelinye icala, kukho iingxoxo ezinamandla ezixhasa ukutsiba kwenguqulelo: ileyibhile entsha inceda ukuseka umgangatho osezantsi, ukucacisa ukuhambelana, kunye ipakethe utshintsho olunzulu (ezifana nenkxaso ye-neural esemgangathweni okanye i-shader pipeline overhaul) kwinqanaba elicacileyo kushishino.
Kwaye kuthekani ngabo boyikayo ukuthenga i-GPU namhlanje ukuze bafumanise ukuba ayisebenzi ngomso? Ngexesha elifutshane, umngcipheko uphantsi ukuba i-hardware isekela i-DX12 Ultimate kwaye ine-AI yokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwezinto ezixutyushwayo (ezifana nenkxaso ye-vector yentsebenziswano) ziyilelwe ukuba ziphunyezwe ngeDirectX API kunye nyusa i-hardware kwiibrendi ezininziUkuthathwa kwabantwana okwenyani kwimidlalo kunokuthatha iminyaka, ke akuqhelekanga ukuhlehlisa ukuthenga okuyimfuneko ngonaphakade.
IDirectX Namhlanje: Jonga inguqulelo yakho kwaye uyigcine isexesheni
Nangona esi sikhokelo sijonge kwikamva, luluvo oluhle ukuba inkqubo yakho ilungelelaniswe namhlanje. KwiWindows, unokujonga inguqulelo yakho yeDirectX usebenzisa isixhobo... ukuxilongwa dxdiagVula imenyu yokuQala, chwetheza i-dxdiag, sebenzisa isicelo, kwaye kwiNkqubo yesithuba, uya kubona icandelo le. Inguqulelo yeDirectX ngedatha yangoku.
Ukuba ufuna ukufaka amacandelo, indlela eqhelekileyo yi-DirectX End-User Runtime Web Installer. Yikhuphele kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeMicrosoft, yiqhube, kwaye wongeze naziphi na iiphakheji ezingekhoyo. Ukongeza, i Uhlaziyo lweWindows Abaqhubi be-GPU bahlala bezisa ukuphuculwa okanye ukulungiswa kweDirectX, ngoko luluvo oluhle ukugcina izixhobo zakho zihlaziyiwe.
Ngaba unengxaki ngemidlalo efuna amacandelo amadala? Ezinye izihloko zisafuna amathala eencwadi eDirectX 9.0c. Ukuba ufumana iimpazamo ezinjenge "d3dx9_35.dll file is missing," isisombululo sesiqhelo kukufaka isoftware efunekayo. Ixesha lokuphela lomsebenzisi we-DirectX ehambelanayo, ngaphandle kokuchukumisa nantoni na eyenye kwinkqubo.
I-DirectX 13, nokuba ileyibhile entsha okanye njengokuqhubeka kwemodeli yemodyuli ye-DX12, ikhomba kwinqanaba apho ukusebenza okukrwada kuhambelana nayo. ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kumbhobho. Kubadlali bemidlalo, kuthetha ngakumbi i-FPS kunye nemizobo engcono ngaphandle kokuzikhethela; kwizitudiyo, ukungqubana okuncinci, izixhobo ezininzi, kunye nendlela eqhelekileyo yokufumana okuninzi kuzo zonke izixhobo zabenzi.
