"Ndiyibonile kwi-intanethi, ke imele ukuba yinyani ..." okanye "Ukuba awuwuthumeleli lo myalezo, u-WhatsApp uza kuqala ukukuhlawulisa." Ndibheja la mabinzana avakala eqhelekile, akunjalo? Emva kwezi ntlobo zemiyalezo yekhonkco, kuhlala kukho umkhonyovu. inkohliso ngabom efuna ukukhohlisa okanye ukulumkisaKulungile ukuba ukhe wawa ngaphambili: kwenzekile phantse sonke. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni inkohliso okanye iindaba ezingeyonyani zedijithali.
Kwimeko-bume ezele zizivuseleli kunye nemiyalezo eyintsholongwane, ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokucinga nzulu nokufundisa abantwana ukwenza oko luxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo. Kwimigca elandelayo uya kubona Yintoni inkohliso, yaye yahluke njani kwezinye izinto?Zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo, indlela yokuzibona, kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo ekufuneka uwathathe ukuphepha ukufaka isandla ekusasazeni kwawo.
Lithetha ukuthini inkohliso kwaye livela phi eli gama?
Kwihlabathi le-intanethi, inkohliso yi Umyalezo ongeyonyani owenziwe ngabom ukukhohlisaInokusasazwa ngemidiya yoluntu, imiyalezo, iiforum, i-imeyile, okanye ezinye iindlela zedijithali. Iinjongo zayo zisusela ekusasazeni ulwazi olungeyonyani kunye nokutyala ukothuka ukuya thatha idatha, ukwalathisa itrafikhi kwiindawo ezithandabuzekayo okanye ukuxhasa ubuxoki.
Eli gama livela kwisiNgesi kwaye lidla ngokuguqulelwa njengenkohliso, inkohliso, okanye i-farce. Ezinye iinkcazo-bungcali ziyinxulumanisa negama elithi "hocus" (elisuka elithi "hocus pocus"), ibinzana elinxulunyaniswa namaqhinga omlingo nenkohliso, oko kukuthi, ukwenza ukuba ukholelwe into engeyonyaniNgokwenyani, eli gama sele lisetyenziselwe phantse nayiphi na intsholongwane yentsholongwane kwi-Intanethi.
Yintoni inkohliso yedijithali kwaye ihambelana njani nezinye iinkohliso?
Inkohliso kunye nedijithali zisoloko zisetyenziswa njengezithethantonye kuba, eneneni, zichaza zombini Ubuxoki obusasazwa ngamajelo e-intanethi ukubhidanisa okanye ukulahlekisaNangona kunjalo, kudla ngokuchazwa ukuba i-hoaxes ihlala ithatha imo yomyalezo wekhonkco eyilelwe ukuba ithunyelwe ngokulula kwi-WhatsApp, iTelegram, okanye amaqonga afanayo.
Oko "kugqithisa" ifomathi yinxalenye yamandla abo: babhenela ngokukhawuleza kunye neemvakalelo ngoko ke siyidlulisa ngaphandle kokucinga. Kumakhasi onxibelelwano, bakwathembele kwi... imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, iividiyo ezingaphandle komxholo, okanye izicatshulwa ezothusayo ezikhuthaza ubuntsholongwane.
Iintlobo zobuxoki kwi-Intanethi (ngemizekelo)
I-Hoaxes iyaguquka, kodwa yabelana ngeepatheni. Ukwazi ukwahluka kwazo okuqhelekileyo kukunceda ukuba uziqonde kwimpukane. ukuzimisa phambi kokuba ziqhubeke nokujikeleza.
Iialamu
Bajonge ukuxhokonxa uloyiko okanye imvo yongxamiseko ukuze banyanzelise izenzo ezityhutyhayo. Basoloko belumkisa ngeentsholongwane zekhompyutha ezitshabalalisayo, iintlekele ezizayo, okanye izisongelo ezingacacanga. I-classic esuka kwi-90s yayingekho intsholongwane ye-"Good Times", kwaye kutsha nje, imiyalezo yekhonkco efana "bathengisa iziqhamo ezine-HIV" okanye "ii-AIs zifunde amaqela akho e-WhatsApp" isasaziwe. Bafuna ukutyala ukothuka ngaphandle kwesiseko sokwenene..
- Uphawu oluphambili: izikhuzo, oonobumba abakhulu, “Yabelana ngoku!” kunye nokunqongophala kobungqina obunokuqinisekiswa.
- Iziphumo ezifunekayo: ukuhanjiswa kwabantu abaninzi ngenxa yoloyiko olumsulwa.
"Solidarity"
Basebenzisa imfesane: amabali abantwana abagulayo, izilwanyana zasekhaya ezilahlekileyo, okanye iintsapho ezichatshazelwe ziintlekele, enzelwe ukukufumana "uncedo" ngokwabelana. Ngexesha leengqungquthela zemvula enkulu (i-DANA), la mabali asasazwa ngokubanzi. imiyalezo eneefoto zeentlekele ezivela kwamanye amazwe okanye amaxesha ngokungathi zezangoku, zicela iminikelo okanye ukupapashwa.
- Uphawu oluphambili: Bayashukuma kwaye bacela ukupapashwa, kodwa abanikezeli ngeendlela ezicacileyo zoncedo olunokuqinisekiswa.
- Umngcipheko: ukuphambukiswa komanyano kunye ukubhideka kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
Zorhwebo
Bajonge ukweba idatha okanye ukuvelisa i-traffic kwiiwebhusayithi ezingathembekanga. Bathembisa iikhuphoni zobuxoki okanye ii-sweepstakes ezivela kwiimpawu ezaziwayo. Imizekelo yakutsha nje: kufuneka ivawutsha ye-500 ye-euro evela eZara okanye iMercadona ephela kwiindawo zobuqhetseba ezenzelwe ukubamba ulwazi. Bahlala be... phishing baits ziguqulwe njengezipho.
- Uphawu oluphambili: Ii-URL ezingaqhelekanga, iifom eziphazamisayo, kunye nemigaqo nemiqathango engacacanga.
- Isiphumo: ukugqiba kuluhlu lwe-spam okanye ukuba lixhoba lobuqhophololo.
Abezopolitiko
Bafuna ukuphembelela izimvo zoluntu kwaye umsebenzi wabo uye wanda ngexesha lonyulo. Basenokuyibaxa idatha, banyelise abantu abaninzi, okanye benze iyelenqe. Injongo yabo icacile: dibanisa, hlanganisa okanye udilize ngolwazi olububuxoki oluvezwa “njengesityhilelo”.
- Uphawu oluphambili: Babhenela kwiimpawu kunye neenkolelo; abafane babonelele ngemithombo yolwazi.
- Impembelelo: ukudodobala kweengxoxo zoluntu kunye nokwanda kokungathembani.
Paranormal okanye pseudoscientific
Bazama ukuthabatheka kwethu ngezinto ezingaqondakaliyo: "izinto ezifunyenweyo," iifoto ezinobugqirha, okanye unyango olungummangaliso. Ngexesha lobhubhani, “unyango” oluyingozi njengokusela iblitshi yajikeleza. Ngamaxelegu lawo Benza iinkolelo kunye nobuqhetseba njengenzululwazi.
- Uphawu oluphambili: izithembiso ezimangalisayo ngaphandle kwenkxaso yeempapasho ezinzulu.
- Ingozi: umonakalo impilo ukusuka ukulandela iingcebiso zobuxoki.
Uburharha butolike kakubi
Zisuka kwiiwebhusayithi ezihlekisayo ezilinganisa iindawo zeendaba; abanye abasebenzisi abayibambi ithowuni kwaye babelane ngayo njengeyokwenene. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo yesiqulatho esihlekisayo esicatshulwe njengeendaba zokwenyani kwiiforam, kunye neziphumo zeziphumo. ibhola lekhephu lokubhideka.
- Uphawu oluphambili: indawo enemvelaphi ehlekisayo okanye ehlekisayo.
- Ingcebiso: Nceda uqinisekise isihloko kunye necandelo phambi kokwabelana.
Ubuxoki malunga netekhnoloji kunye neeapps
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo le-WhatsApp, iTikTok, kunye nezinye iinkampani. Babhengeza izinto ezifihliweyo, "amaqhinga" okufumana imali elula, okanye iindlela ezifihlakeleyo zeprimiyamu ukuba uthumela umyalezo. Uyakukhumbula imiyalezo yekhonkco ebanga ukuba ngokwabelana, I-WhatsApp iya kuba simahla ubomi bonke okanye "imowudi yepro" iya kwenziwa isebenze.
- Uphawu oluphambili: izithembiso ezingenakwenzeka ngokutshintshiselana ngokwabelana okanye ukucofa amakhonkco athandabuzekayo.
- Into ekufuneka uyenzile: Jonga inqaku kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-app kunye nemidiya ekhethekileyo.
Indlela yokuqaphela inkohliso: iimpawu eziphindaphindiweyo
Ukuzifumanisa akusoloko kulula kuba zibhalwe ukuba zibonakale zikholeleka kwaye zixhokonxe ukusabela kwangoko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imikhondo ephindaphindiweyo yokuba, nje ukuba uyifake ngaphakathi, iya kukusindisa kuloyiko olungaphezulu kwesinye kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, Baya kukuthintela ukuba ube yinxalenye yekhonkco.
I-alamu okanye ithoni yeemvakalelo
- Ungxamiseko ngolwimi: "Ingqalelo!", "Yabelana ngaphambi kokuba isuswe!", "Iindaba eziqhekezayo!".
- Babhenela kuyo uloyiko, uvelwano, okanye umsindo ukuze ungangqinisisi ulwazi.
Imithombo engekhoyo okanye engenakwenzeka ukuba ingqinwe
- Ukuba kukho into ebaluleke kangako, kufuneka ibonakale kuyo amajelo eendaba asemthethweni okanye adumileyo.
- Uninzi lwenkohliso lukhankanya imibutho (i-WHO, i-Red Cross, i-Civil Guard) ngaphandle amakhonkco ngqo kunye nokuqinisekiswa.
- Okanye zibandakanya amakhonkco akhokelela kwi iiwebhusayithi ezingenagama okanye iindawo ezinobuqhophololo.
Ingcebiso eluncedo: Khuphela isihloko kanye njengoko sikwi-injini yokukhangela okanye uye kwi iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeziko likhankanywe ngasentla ukuqinisekisa ukuba bapapashe nantoni na.
Ubhalo olungenamsebenzi kunye neempawu ezichukumisayo
- Iimpazamo, iinguqulelo zoqobo ezingaqhelekanga, okanye ithoni engafanelekanga.
- ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwe oonobumba abakhulu kunye neempawu zesikhuzo.
- Iingxelo “ezisemthethweni” ezingalandeliyo isimbo seziko.
Izithembiso okanye izoyikiso
- "Ukuba uya phambili, I-WhatsApp iya kuba simahla."Ukuba awabelani ngayo, bayakuyicima iakhawunti yakho."
- Bakucinezela ngokweemvakalelo ukuba usasaze ungacinganga.
Imifanekiso eguqulweyo okanye engaphandle komxholo
- Iifoto ezothusayo, kodwa zivela kwindawo eyahlukileyo okanye ixesha.
- Yenza a phinda ujonge (Imifanekiso kaGoogle, TinEye, Yandex) ukubona imvelaphi.
Ikhonkco langaphambili kunye nobungqina obungacacanga
- "Umhlobo osebenza emapoliseni undithumelele yona" ngaphandle akukho magama athile okanye izikhundla.
- Kwi-WhatsApp kunye neTelegram uya kubona ileyibhile ethi "ithunyelwe kaninzi".
Ukungangqinelani kunye nemiyalezo esetyenzisiweyo
- Imihla engahambelaniyo, iindawo ezingapelwanga kakuhle, okanye iinguqulelo eziphikisanayo.
- Umyalezo ofanayo uvela rhoqo ngonyaka, utshintsha kuphela igama lesixeko.
Ngaphandle kweempawu: indlela ezijikeleza ngayo kunye nomonakalo owenzekayo
Iinkohliso ezininzi zihamba ngamatyathanga acela ngokucacileyo ukuthunyelwa; le yindlela abathimba ngayo iidilesi, benze oovimba beenkcukacha ze-spam, okanye Basasaza amarhe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Ukubenza babonakale bamva nje, bahlala beza ngaphandle komhla. Kwaye bahlala bebanga ukuba "akukho antivirus ebhaqayo" intsholongwane ebeyicinga ukuba kutheni ungazukubona nto ingaqhelekanga xa uskena ikhompyuter yakho.
Kuye kwaphawulwa nokuba ezinye iialamu zobuxoki ziphembelela abasebenzisi ukuba bacime iifayile zenkqubo ngokubenza bakholelwe ukuba ziyi-malware, ezibangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kwisixhoboImiphumo emibi ngakumbi: ukulahlekelwa kwexesha kunye nemveliso, ukugcinwa kwenethiwekhi, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwentembeko kumntu ohamba phambili.
Ezinye iingcali zithelekisa ubuqhetseba kunye "nempethu yentlalontle": asiyokhowudi esebenzayo, kodwa kumxholo Iphindwa ngokuxhaphaza ubunjineli bezentlalo kunye notyekelo lokwabelana ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa.
Kubalulekile ukubahlula kwiipranks okanye kwiziqhulo zekhompyuter: iinkqubo ezincinci, ezicaphukisayo kodwa ezingenabungozi ezihambisa imawusi, zijikelezisa isikrini, njl. Libali okanye umyalezo okhohlisayo. ngaphandle kwesidingo se-executables.
Yintoni omele uyenze xa ufumana inkohliso?
Owona mqobo usebenzayo nguwe. Ngaphambi kokuthumela, yima umzuzwana kwaye usebenzise inkqubo esisiseko ekuvumela ukuba wenze njalo qinisekisa okanye ukwala umxholo.
- Musa ukuqhubela phambili ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa. Ukuba awukwazi ukuyiqinisekisa ngemithombo ethembekileyo, musa ukuyisasaza.
- Iyahluka kwimidiya eyahlukeneyo. Funa ukhuseleko kwimithombo ethembekileyo.
- Fundisa uzolile. Ukuba ilungu lentsapho okanye umhlobo wenza inkohliso, ngentlonelo chaza isizathu sokuba ingathembekanga.
- Xela eqongeni. Uthungelwano kunye nee-apps zinika iinketho zokuchaza umxholo olahlekisayo.
- Isimo sengqondo sokugxeka rhoqo. Lumkela nantoni na "elungileyo kakhulu" okanye eyoyikisayo, ngakumbi ukuba iza njengomyalezo wekhonkco.
Indlela yokukhangela ukuba ikhonkco liyingozi
Ukongeza koku kungentla, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulumke ngakumbi ngamakhonkco afakwe kumyalezo. Itshekhi esisiseko inokukongela ingxaki. ukungonwabi bubuqhetseba okanye i-malware.
- Jonga i-URL epheleleyo: Qaphela imimandla engaqhelekanga okanye efana nemidiya eyaziwayo.
- Hlalutya ikhonkco ngezixhobo ezithile okanye iinkonzo ezihloniphekileyo zewebhu.
- Funda umxholo opheleleyo Ngaphambi kokwabelana; izihloko zisenokuba nomtsalane.
- Jonga imilo: Imifanekiso ekumgangatho ophantsi kunye nopelo olubi luphawu olubi.
- Jonga abantu abakhankanyiweyo: Fumanisa ukuba zikho na, isikhundla sazo, kunye nokuba sele bezenzile na ezo nkcazo.
- Yayama kwizandiso ezinje nge Google Fact Check Explorer ukufumana indawo yokuqinisekisa.
Ukungena nzulu “kwiindaba zobuxoki” kunye nee-deepfakes
Iindaba zomgunyathi ziqulathe iziqwenga ezipapashwe kwifomathi yobuntatheli ukukhohlisa, ukwenza ucofa, okanye ukukhohlisa. Ezinye iiwebhusayithi zenza kube lula ukwenza la mabali "eendaba" anemifanekiso kunye nezihloko, ukulinganisa amajelo eendaba asemthethweni. Phantse ii-URL ezifanayoBahamba ngentsholongwane ngokusebenzisa iinethiwekhi zentlalo, ii-apps zemiyalezo, iiblogi, okanye iindawo zeendaba ezingqongqo.
Ukuzahlula, phanda umthombo, jonga ubuqambi, umhla, i-URL, i-coverage kwezinye imidiya, kwaye, xa kunokwenzeka, Qhagamshelana nabahloli benyaniso abazimeleyoUkuthintela ukusasazeka kukwakho kuwe: xela izithuba ezilahlekisayo kwaye ulumkise abafowunelwa bakho ukuba babelane ngayo ngempazamo.
Kwindawo yee-deepfakes, nangona izixhobo zokufumanisa zivela, kukho imikhondo eluncedo: jonga izithunzi, umbala wolusu, izijekulo, okanye ukuvumelanisa imilebe. Umntu uyaqhwanyaza rhoqo kwimizuzwana embalwa; ukuba kukho into ebonakala ngathi ivaliwe kwaye ividiyo imfutshane kakhulu, rhanela. Ujongene nomxholo wentsholongwane kunye nowothusayo osasazeka ngokukhawuleza, Iphinda ihluke kwimithombo.
Umxholo, idatha, kunye nesizathu sokuba zisasazeke kakhulu
Isayikholoji yabantu icacisa inxenye yesi siganeko: uloyiko, ukungxamiseka, okanye ukufun' ukwazi okungalunganga kwenza abantu bacofe phambili naphambili. Uphando lwezemfundo luye lwaqaphela ukuba umxholo wobuxoki kwabelwana ngawo rhoqo kwaye ngokukhawuleza kunezo ziqinisekisiweyoukufikelela kubo ngokukhawuleza nangaphezulu. Kwangaxeshanye, uphando lwabemi lubonise ukuba ipesenti ephezulu yabasebenzisi bayavuma ukuba banobunzima bokwahlula phakathi kolwazi oluyinyani kunye nenkohliso.
Uhlalutyo lwamaqonga lukwapapashiwe olunxibelelanisa ukusasazeka kwenkohliso kunye neeprofayili ezithile zeengcamango kwiimeko ezithile, ezigxininisa ukuba ulwazi olungachananga. Isebenzisa i-biases kunye ne-echo chambers.Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iipateni ziyatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe, ixesha kunye nesihloko.
Izixhobo zokuqinisekisa kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo
Sinamaqonga akhethekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umxholo wentsholongwane. Ukuzisebenzisa kuya kukuvumela ukuba ukhuphe i-hoaxes eqhelekileyo kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, zithintele ekujikelezeni kwindawo yakho.
- I-Maldita.es: ikhupha iintsomi malunga nempilo, isayensi, ezopolitiko kunye nemidiya yoluntu.
- Newtral: Jonga amatyathanga entsholongwane kunye neendaba zobuxoki.
- I-EFE iqinisekisa: Jonga ubunyani bomxholo kwiintanethi zentlalo.
- I-Snopes: ireferensi yehlabathi kumarhe, iintsomi kunye nomxholo wentsholongwane.
- Factuel: Ukujonga inyani iindaba zentsholongwane ngeelwimi ezininzi.
- Inyani Qwalasela uMhloli (uGoogle): Injini yokukhangela iitshekhi zenyani zamva nje ezivela kwimithombo ethembekileyo.
- I-INVID: uhlalutya iividiyo kunye nemifanekiso ukuze abone ubuqhetseba.
- Imifanekiso kaGoogle: buyisela umva uphendlo lomfanekiso ukuze ufumane imvelaphi yokwenyani yefoto.
- Ijongiwe: Ukuqinisekiswa kwee-hoaxes kunye neentetho zentsholongwane.
- Impilo ngaphandle kweentsomi: ubhengeza ubuxoki malunga nempilo kunye namayeza.
Iingcebiso ezikhawulezayo ukuze ube "yi-immune" kwi-hoaxes
Iinkqubo ezincinci zenza umahluko omkhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba wabelane, zibuze: Ngubani opapashiweyo? Ngaba lukhona olunye ukhuseleko? Ngaba i-URL isemthethweni? Ngaba bayawabonelela ngamaxwebhu axhasayo? Lo mzuzu owongezelelweyo uyakunceda... sukunikezela kumnqweno wokuya phambili.
- Phanda umthombo: ukubeka phambili amajelo eendaba kunye nemibutho enegama eliqinisekisiweyo.
- Funda ngaphaya kwesihloko: Uninzi lwe-scams luyaphumelela kwi-clickbait.
- Jonga umhla kunye nomxholo: Amaqhekeza amadala ayarisayikilishwa ngokungathi zezangoku.
- Thembela kubahloli benyani: Khangela ukuba kukho nabani na osele uyilungisile.
Masikhumbule le ngcamango ingundoqo: olona khuselo lulungileyo luxube lokufuna ukwazi, ukuzola, kunye nendlela. Ngaphambi kokuthumela, thatha umoya, uqinisekise, kwaye wenze isigqibo. Le yindlela sonke esinegalelo ngayo kulwazi oluphilileyo lwe-ikhosistim. usempilweni kwaye uthembekile.
