I-CMD kunye ne-PowerShell: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo kwiMiyalelo eBalulekileyo kwiWindows

Ukusebenzisa umgca womyalelo kwiWindows kungaphezulu kokhetho lwabasebenzisi abaphambili; ibe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko kuyo yomibini imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo. Nangona uninzi lweenketho zesistim lukhona kujongano lomzobo, yazi imiyalelo yeCMD kunye nePowerShell Ikuvumela ukuba ufikelele kwimisebenzi efihliweyo, uzenzele iinkqubo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo.

Kwesi sikhokelo siza kukubonisa ngokweenkcukacha, ngendlela esebenzayo nangolwimi olusondeleyo, Imiyalelo ebalulekileyo kufuneka uyilawule kwiPowerShell kunye neCMDKwaye, uya kufunda umahluko phakathi kwezi meko zimbini, xa kungcono ukusebenzisa enye okanye enye, kunye namaqhinga asetyenziswa ziingcali zokwenyani ukufumana okuninzi kwikhompyuter yakho yeWindows.

CMD okanye PowerShell? Umahluko, uncedo, kunye nendlela yokufikelela

Ngokwemveli abasebenzisi beWindows baxhomekeke kwiklasikhi CMD (Command Prompt) ukwenza imiyalelo. Nangona kunjalo, PowerShell Inamandla ngakumbi, ivumela ushicilelo oluphambili, kwaye isebenzisa i-cmdlets (imiyalelo ecwangcisiweyo ngokukodwa) ehamba kude ngaphaya kokusebenza okusisiseko kwe-CMD.

La Eyona nto iluncedo yePowerShell kukuba ayikhawulelwanga kwimiyalelo yakudala, kodwa yongeza i-automation, ukuguqulwa kwento, uphumezo olukude, kunye nolawulo oluphambili lwenkqubo yonke esebenzayo kunye nezicelo. Ukongeza, unokudala Eyakho imiyalelo yesiko kunye nezikripthi, isenza isixhobo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kubalawuli, abaphuhlisi, kunye nabasebenzisi abanomdla.

Ukufikelela kuzo zombini iiconsoles, khangela ngokulula "CMD" o "PowerShell" kwi Qala menu. Kwimisebenzi enzulu yolawulo, hlala uqhuba njenge Umlawuli (cofa ekunene> Sebenzisa njengomlawuli) ukunqanda iimpazamo zemvume.

Yintoni i-cmdlet kwaye isebenza njani kwi-PowerShell?

Ukuba eli lixesha lokuqala uva malunga ne cmdlets, Qaphela oko Yimiyalelo ehlala ilandela isenzi-isakhiwo sesibizo (umzekelo, Fumana iNkqubo, Cwangcisa-iPolisi, Susa-Into), kwaye zenzelwe ukwenza izenzo ezithile kwizinto zenkqubo, ukusebenza ngokubambisana ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nezikripthi kunye ne-automations.

Amandla ePowerShell alele kwinani elikhulu le cmdlets ibandakanyiwe njengomgangatho, kunye nokukwazi ukudibanisa kunye nolwazi lomjelo phakathi kwabo, okwenza kube lula ukusombulula imisebenzi enzima ngemiyalelo embalwa nje. Ukongeza, ezi modyuli zinokukwandiswa ukugubungela iindawo ezinje ngothungelwano, i-Active Directory, iHyper-V, kunye nabanye.

Eyona miyalelo ibalulekileyo neluncedo yePowerShell

I-PowerShell iye amakhulu emiyalelo, kodwa ezinye zibalulekile ukuze ufumane okuninzi kwisixhobo sakho.

• Fumana-Uncedo: Ibonisa uncedo oluneenkcukacha kuwo nawuphi na umyalelo, olungele ukufunda isivakalisi okanye imizekelo yayo. Umzekelo: Get-Help Get-Process
• Fumana-Umyalelo: Udwelisa zonke iicmdlets ezikhoyo kunye nemisebenzi. Ukuhluza ngokukhawuleza uphendlo lwakho, sebenzisa: Get-Command *service*
• Fumana iNkqubo: Ibuyisela uluhlu lweenkqubo ezisebenzayo, ezikuvumela ukuba ujonge ukusetyenziswa kovimba kwaye uphelise ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Fumana iNkonzo: Ibonisa zonke iinkonzo ezisebenzayo okanye eziyekiweyo, eziluncedo kwiingxaki zokuqalisa inkqubo.
• Qala-Inkqubo/Yeka-Inkqubo: Iqala okanye iyeke iinkqubo zenkqubo usebenzisa amagama abo okanye i-ID. Umzekelo: Stop-Process -Name "notepad"
• Ikopi-Into/Hambisa-Into: Khuphela ngokulula okanye uhambise iifayile kunye neefolda. Umzekelo: Copy-Item archivo.txt -Destination C:\Backup\
• Susa-Into: Icima iifayile kunye nabalawuli, nangokuphinda-phinda.
• Fumana-Umxholo: Ikuvumela ukuba ujonge imixholo yeefayile ezibhaliweyo ngqo kwi console.
• Cwangcisa-iPolisi: Tshintsha umgaqo-nkqubo wokusetyenziswa kweskripthi ukuze uvumele okanye uthintele ukuphunyezwa kweefayile ze-.ps1.

Ukongeza, kukho ezinye eziluncedo ezifana Fumana-Imbali ukubona imiyalelo eyenziweyo, Sula-Imbali ukucima imbali, Seta-Indawo ukutshintsha ulawulo, I-Invoke-Command ukuqhuba imiyalelo kwezinye iikhompyuter, kwaye Fumana-into yomntwana ukujonga imixholo yefolda.

Imiyalelo yeCMD ebalulekileyo yabasebenzisi kunye noxilongo

Nangona i-PowerShell iyindalo yendalo, i CMD Ihlala ibalulekile kwiimeko ezithile. Imiyalelo yayo esisiseko ikunceda ukuba ukhangele, uxilonge, kwaye ulungise inkqubo yakho xa kungekho enye into esebenzayo.

Myalelo	Descripción
cd	Guqula uvimba weefayili wangoku. Sebenzisa cd .. ukuya phezulu kwisakhiwo solawulo.
ngcolile	Udwelisa iifayile kunye neefolda kulawulo lwangoku.
umthi	Ibonisa ubume bolawulo kwimo yomthi.
ikopi	Khuphela iifayile ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.
shukuma	Hambisa iifayile phakathi kweendawo.
del	Cima iifayile.
kwakhona	Thiya ngokutsha iifayile.
inkqubo	Ibonisa inkqubo kunye neenkcukacha ze-hardware.
ipconfig	Ibonelela ngolwazi lwenethiwekhi kunye needilesi ze-IP.
ping	Jonga uqhagamshelwano nezinye izixhobo kwinethiwekhi.
Cima	Ikuvumela ukuba uvale okanye uqalise kwakhona umatshini usebenzisa imiyalelo.
Uluhlu lomsebenzi	Dwelisa zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo.
uxanduva lomsebenzi	Iphelisa ngenkani iinkqubo ezisebenzayo.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, sebenzisa umyalelo /? kwaye khangela iinketho ezikhoyo kumyalelo ngamnye.

Ukuzenzekela kunye nokubhala kwi-PowerShell: inyathelo lokunyuka

I-PowerShell ayikuvumeli kuphela ukuba usebenzise imiyalelo enye, kodwa ikwenza kube lula zenze imisebenzi ephinda-phindayo usebenzisa izikripthi (.ps1), iiyure zokugcina kulawulo, ii-backups, ukuthunyelwa kunye nokunye.

Imisebenzi onokuyenza ngokuzenzekelayo iquka:

• Thiya ngokutsha, khuphela, okanye uhambise imiqulu emikhulu yeefayile ezinemilinganiselo ethile.
• Uluhlu lwezixhobo kunye nesoftware kuyo yonke inethiwekhi.
• Qalisa ufakelo oluzenzekelayo kunye nohlaziyo oluvela kumgca womyalelo.
• Lawula abasebenzisi kunye neemvume kwi-Active Directory.
• Yenza iingxelo kwiifomathi ezifana ne-HTML okanye i-CSV ukuze uhlalutye ngakumbi.

Umzekelo, kunye Get-Process | Export-Csv -Path procesos.csv Ungathumela ngaphandle zonke iinkqubo eziqhubekayo kwifayile ye-CSV ukuze ihlolwe.

Ulawulo oluphezulu: iimodyuli ezithile kunye ne-cmdlets (DRDA, Hyper-V, njl.)

Kukho iimodyuli ezikhethekileyo ezandisa izakhono, ezikuvumela ukuba ulawule ugcino-lwazi (DRDA), oomatshini bokwenene (Hyper-V), i-Active Directory, kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezinzima. Umzekelo, imodyuli Microsoft.HostIntegration.PowerShell Ibonelela ngemiyalelo emininzi yokulawula uqhagamshelo, iinkonzo, umkhondo kunye nokufakwa kweekhowudi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Eminye imiyalelo ephambili ephawulekayo iquka:

• Set-HisDrdaService y Fumana-HisDrdaService: Qwalasela kwaye ubuze ubume benkonzo yeDRDA.
• Seta-HisDrdaSqlServerConnection y Fumana-HisDrdaSqlServerConnection: Lawula uxhulumaniso lwe-SQL Server kwiindawo ezidibeneyo.
• Yongeza-HisDrdaDatabaseAlias: Yabela iziteketiso koovimba beenkcukacha abanxibeleleneyo.
• Yongeza-HisCustomCodePage: Yongeza iikhowudi zesiko ukuze zihambelane neenkqubo zelifa.
• Set-HisDrdaConsoleTraceListener: Qwalasela ukulandeleka kolungiso oluphambili kunye nohlalutyo.

Konke oku kwenza kube lula kwiinkampani kunye neenjineli Dibanisa iiWindows kunye neeseva ze-IBM, uvimba weenkcukacha, kunye neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo, ukusuka kwizikripthi okanye kumgca womyalelo.

Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokuphucula i-PowerShell kunye nezakhono zeCMD

Ziqhelise rhoqo Kubalulekile ukuziqonda kakuhle ezi zixhobo. Qala ngemiyalelo esisiseko kwaye uyidibanise ukwenza imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Sebenzisa iipayipi (|) ukudibanisa imiyalelo kunye neziphumo zokucoca.
• Thatha ithuba loncedo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi nge Fumana-Uncedo ukuqonda ngcono umyalelo ngamnye.
• I-USA ogama limbi ukunciphisa ukuchwetheza imiyalelo rhoqo (umzekelo, gci endaweni yokuba Fumana-into yomntwana).
• Yenza izikripthi zesiko ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo.
• Bonana namaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye noluntu lwe-intanethi ukusombulula imibuzo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwakho.

Ukulungisa iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki

Ingxaki eqhelekileyo kukuba i-PowerShell iqala ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, ngenxa yeendlela ezimfutshane kwifolda yokuqalisa okanye imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo. Isenokuba ngenxa yosulelo lwe-malware oluyisebenzisayo ukuqhuba. Isisombululo kukukhangela i Umphathi woMsebenzi > Qala kwaye uphelise ufikelelo olukrokrisayo, kunye nokwenza iskeni esipheleleyo se-antivirus.

Obunye ubunzima obuqhelekileyo kukuthintelwa kokwenziwa kwescript. Ukuvumela ukuphunyezwa kweefayile ze.ps1, sebenzisa Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned njengomlawuli, ehlala ethathela ingqalelo iingcebiso zokhuseleko.

Ukugcina njani ukuphucula ngePowerShell?

Ukufunda kwi-Intanethi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemihla ngemihla ngundoqo ekuqhubeleni phambili ubuchule bakho. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Jonga uncedo olusemthethweni lweMicrosoft ukufumana zonke iicmdlets kunye nemizekelo.
• Bhalisa kwiikhosi ze-intanethi okanye ulandele izifundo zokufundisa kwi-YouTube kunye ne-LinkedIn Learning.
• Qhagamshelana neencwadi ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne "PowerShell kwiNyanga yeZidlo."
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiiforamu kunye noluntu ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi kunye nokusombulula imibuzo.

Khumbula ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe Fumana-Uncedo y Fumana-Umyalelo sesona sixhobo sakho sibalaseleyo sokufunda kunye nokujonga izinto ezintsha kwiPowerShell.

Ummandla we Imiyalelo ebalulekileyo yeCMD kunye nePowerShell Ibonelela ngolawulo olupheleleyo kwikhompyuter yakho yeWindows, ukwenza lula imisebenzi yesiqhelo, ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokulungiselela nayiphi na ingxaki. Awudingi ukuba ngumdwelisi wenkqubo: ngokufunda imiyalelo esisiseko, ukuziqhelanisa, kunye nokulinga, uyakuphucula ukusebenza kwakho kwaye uzisombulule iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe yintloko, uphakamise amava akho eWindows ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo.