Xa ukhangela i-Intanethi, elinye lamacandelo abalulekileyo, ngaphandle kokungaziwa yinxalenye enkulu yabasebenzisi, kukusetyenziswa kweeseva ze-DNS. Ngoncedo lwezi, kunokwenzeka ukuba kungangeneki kwiidilesi ze-IP ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi esizindwendwelayo, kwaye endaweni yoko sebenzisa imimandla yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ukwenza olu nxibelelwano ngendlela ebhetyebhetye.
Ngokwesiqhelo abaqhubi benethiwekhi banikezela ngee-routers zabo, pero Kulula kakhulu ukuyitshintsha kwiikhompyuter yeWindows, Kwaye okuseleyo kunokufezekiswa ngokutshintsha ubumbeko lomzila okanye imodem. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza njalo kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba zeziphi ezona nkonzo zibalaseleyo ze-DNS onokuzisebenzisa kwisantya kunye nokhuseleko, ke apha siza kuxoxa ngezinye zazo onokuzisebenzisa kunye nonxibelelwano lwakho lwe-Intanethi ukuba unqwenela.
Zeziphi iiseva ze-DNS zasimahla ezikhoyo?
Njengoko besitshilo, Uluhlu lweeseva zasimahla nezesidlangalaleni ze-DNS zifumana unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo kwiiwebhusayithi, Ngelixa beqinisekisa into ethe kratya kukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi. Apha ngezantsi sichaza ezinye zeeseva ezaziwa kakhulu ze-DNS, nangona ingezizo zonke.
1.1.1.1: Iphulo leCloudflare
Iiseva ze-Cloudflare ze-DNS ziye zaba zezona zidumileyo namhlanje. Abanalo ixesha elininzi kwinethiwekhi, kodwa inyani kukuba ezi seva, ezaziwa njenge 1.1.1.1 zisetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngaba elona latency liphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nabona khuphiswano baphambili, ekhawulezisa unxibelelwano lwe-Intanethi, kwaye banenqwaba yamaziko edatha asasazeka kwihlabathi liphela. Ukongeza, baqinisekisa ubumfihlo ngokunxibelelana nabucala, kwaye ngokuhambelana ne ezinye zeetekhnoloji zangoku ezinje ngeDoH, DoT kunye ne-DNSSEC.
- Ye IPv4: 1.1.1.1 kunye ne1.0.0.1
- Ye IPv6: 2606:4700:4700::1111 y 2606:4700:4700::1001
Ukongeza kwinto esele ikhankanyiwe i-Cloudflare DNS, ikwakhona 1.1.1.1 yeentsapho, inyathelo lokukhusela uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi oludibanisa isisombululo esibanzi ngakumbi sokhuseleko. Ungasebenzisa i-1.1.1.2 kunye ne-1.0.0.2 njengeeseva ze-DNS ukuba ufuna iCloudflare ukukhusela kwi-malware kwinqanaba lenethiwekhi, okanye ungasebenzisa i-1.1.1.3 kunye ne-1.0.0.3 kwiseva ukuvimba zombini i-malware kunye nomxholo wabantu abadala ukuba abantwana bahlala wena.
Google: ezona seva zidumileyo
Ezinye iiseva ze-DNS ezaziwa kakuhle kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ezivumela ukunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza kwi-Intanethi, zi EzikaGoogle. Ukongeza kwifayile ye- Isantya esikhulu kunxibelelwano lwewebhusayithi, ukuba baphinde baqhubela phambili ngokweetekhnoloji, ukuze bavumele uphuculo olubalulekileyo ngokokhuseleko olufana I-DNS ngaphezulu kwe-HTTPS (DoH) okanye i-DNS ngaphezulu kwe-TLS (DoT).
Ziyaziwa ngokusisiseko kuba, de kufike iiseva zeCloudflare, zezona zikhawulezayo, ezibanike ukuthandwa. Kancinci kancinci, ezi ziyasusa isikhundla sakhe, kodwa Iiseva zeGoogle ze-DNS zisasetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ngabasebenzisi.
- Ye IPv4: 8.8.8.8 kunye ne8.8.4.4
- Ye IPv6: 2001:4860:4860::8888 y 2001:4860:4860::8844
I-Quad9: esona sihambele phambili ngokokhuseleko
Phakathi kokukhethwa kwiseva ye-DNS, sikwafumana ezo I-Quad9. Ayisiyonto nje engahleliwe, njengoko iserver ephambili ingu-9.9.9.9. Ngoku, kule meko abajongi kakhulu kwisantya sokulayisha kwiiwebhusayithi, kodwa kunoko I-Quad9 imele ukudityaniswa kwayo ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko kunye nemfihlo.
Ukongeza kubuchwephesha be I-DNS ngaphezulu kwe-HTTPS (DoH) okanye i-DNS ngaphezulu kwe-TLS (DoT), Ezibandakanyiweyo kwiiseva zeGoogle ze-DNS, ezi seva faka umgaqo-nkqubo we-DNSCrypt, apho uhlaselo loMntu-oluPhakathi luyancitshiswa ngokufihla unxibelelwano phakathi kwekhompyuter kunye neseva. Emva kwabo ziinkampani ezibalulekileyo ezinje nge-IBM, iGlobal Cyber Alliance okanye iPacket Clearing House.
- Ye IPv4: 9.9.9.9 kunye ne149.112.112.112
- Ye IPv6: 2620: ukholo :: ukholo kunye no-2620: ukholo :: 9
I-OpenDNS: ngaphambili yayixhaswa ziintengiso, ngoku isimahla
Njengolunye uhlobo kwezi seva zikhankanywe apha ngasentla ze-DNS, ikwakhona OpenDNS. Esi sisombululo sahlawulwa ekuqaleni kwaye, simahla, sasiquka kuphela ingxelo kunye nentengiso. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zithintelo zaphakanyiswa ngokufika kwezinye iiseva zasimahla.
Okwangoku, iyinxalenye yenkampani yeCisco, kwaye inezisombululo ezibalulekileyo malunga nemfihlo kunye nokhuseleko, kubandakanya izisombululo zokuthintela uhlaselo phising kwaye ucofe umxholo. Ikwanayo nenkxaso ye I-DNS ngaphezulu kwe-HTTPS (DoH), kodwa hayi i-DNS ngaphezulu kwe-TLS (DoT), nangona ibandakanya itekhnoloji DNSCrypt.
- Ye IPv4: 208.67.222.222 kunye ne208.67.220.220
- Ye IPv6: 2620:119:35::35 y 2620:119:53::53
Ezinye iiseva ze-DNS onokuzisebenzisa
Izisombululo ezi-4 ezilapha ngasentla zezona zidume kakhulu namhlanje kwaye zezona sicebisa ukuba zisisebenzise kakhulu isantya kunye nokhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iinkampani ezinikezela ngeeseva ze-DNS zasimahla. Sineenkcukacha zazo ngakumbi kunye neeseva ze-DNS ze-IPv4 yokuba yeyona protocol isasazeke kakhulu:
- Inqanaba3: 209.244.0.3 kunye ne209.244.0.4
- Verisign: 64.6.64.6 kunye ne64.6.65.6
- QAPHELA: 84.200.69.80 kunye ne84.200.70.40
- I-Comodo ekhuselekileyo DNS: 8.26.56.26 kunye ne8.20.247.20
- LuLuNeDNS: 81.218.119.11 kunye ne209.88.198.133
- Ukhuseleko: 195.46.39.39 kunye ne195.46.39.40
- I-OpenNIC: 96.90.175.167 kunye ne193.183.98.154
- ISmartViper: 208.76.50.50 kunye ne208.76.51.51
- Umlawuli: 216.146.35.35 kunye ne216.146.36.36
- MahalaDNS: 37.235.1.174 kunye ne37.235.1.177
- Enye i-DNS: 198.101.242.72 kunye ne23.253.163.53
- DNS: 77.88.8.8 kunye ne77.88.8.1
- UncensoDNS: 91.239.100.100 kunye ne89.233.43.71
- INkanyamba yombane: 74.82.42.42
- PuntCAT: 109.69.8.51
- Neustar: 156.154.70.1 kunye ne156.154.71.1
- Indawo yesine: 45.77.165.194
- Ukucoca: 185.228.168.9 kunye ne185.228.169.9
- I-UltraDNS: 156.154.70.1 kunye ne156.154.71.1