Ziziphi iifayile zeADMX kwaye zisetyenziswa njani kwimigaqo-nkqubo yeqela?

Ukuba ukhe wazibuza ukuba iinkampani kunye nabalawuli benkqubo balawula njani ngendlela kwaye balawule uqwalaselo lwamakhulu okanye amawaka eekhompyuter zeWindows, kunokwenzeka ukuba iifayile zeADMX ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yaloo nxaki.

Nangona zisenokungaqatshelwa ngumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo, ezi fayile zisisiseko sokuchaza into enokuthi yenziwe kwaye ayinakwenziwa kwinethiwekhi yenkampani, ukusuka ekulawuleni ukusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi ukuthintela ukukhutshelwa okanye ukukhawulela izixhobo ze-USB.

Ziziphi iifayile zeADMX?

Xa sithetha ngeefayile zeADMX, sibhekisa kuzo Iifayile ezisetyenziswa ziinkqubo zeWindows ukulawula isixhobo esisembindini kunye noqwalaselo lomsebenzisi ngento eyaziwa ngokuba yimigaqo-nkqubo yeqela okanye Iinjongo zoMgaqo-nkqubo weQela (iiGPO). Ezi fayile ziyindalo yendalo yeefayile ze-ADM ezindala kwaye zisebenzisa ifomathi ye-XML, eyenza ifundeke, ihlelwe, kwaye ihleleke ngokulula ngabalawuli kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo.

Iifayile ze-ADMX zithathe indawo yefomathi ye-ADM ephelelwe lixesha, ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngelixa ii-ADM zaziyifayile ezibhaliweyo ze-Unicode kwaye kwafuneka zilawulwe ngabanye kumlawuli wesizinda ngasinye, iifayile ze-ADMX zivumela imodeli ye-centralized, imodeli yeelwimi ezininzi ngokubonga kwiifayile ezihlukeneyo zolwimi ngalunye (ADML), iququzelele kakhulu ulawulo kwiindawo zehlabathi okanye zamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngamanye amagama, iifayile zeADMX chaza imithetho, ulungelelwaniso kunye neeparameters ekufuneka iikhompyuter ziphantsi kwendawo mazilandele. Ukudibanisa ukudibanisa kunye ne-Active Directory kunye ne-Group Policy Editor, amaqela e-IT angenza yonke into ekuthinteleni ukufakwa kwesofthiwe ethile ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukuziphatha kwezicelo ezifana ne-Visual Studio okanye i-Internet Explorer.

Ziziphi iifayile zeADMX kwaye zisetyenziswa njani?

Umsebenzi ophambili weefayile zeADMX kukuvumela i ulawulo oluphakathi kunye noqwalaselo olungaguqukiyo lweenkqubo zeWindows ngaphakathi kombutho. Phakathi kwe Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kweefayile zeADMX ezi zilandelayo zivelele:

• Thintela ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi okanye usetyenzisoUmzekelo, ukuthintela ukufikelela kwiintanethi zentlalo okanye ukukhuphela iiwebhusayithi.
• Lawula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisusekayo: Ungawavimba njani amazibuko e-USB okanye uchaze uhlobo lwezixhobo ezinokudityaniswa.
• Lawula ubumbeko lwesicelo seshishini: Misela iiparameters ezithile zeenkqubo ezifana neVisual Studio, iOfisi kaMicrosoft, iibhrawuza, njl.
• Misela imida yokhuseleko: Ukunyanzeliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yegama eligqithisiweyo, ukutshixa kwesikrini okuzenzekelayo, uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo kwidisk, njl.

Ezi fayile zidla ngokulawulwa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwi Umhleli woMgaqo-nkqubo weQela (gpedit.msc) okanye ngamaqonga amafu afana neMicrosoft Intune, SCCM, okanye izisombululo zeqela lesithathu, ezibonelela ngokuguquguquka kuzo zombini iimeko zemveli kunye nezanamhlanje ezisekwe ngamafu.

Ifomathi yangaphakathi kunye nolwakhiwo lwefayile yeADMX

IADMX Ayisiyonto ingaphezulu kwefayile yeXML eqokelela imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo, ubume babo bolawulo kunye nobudlelwane babo kunye nobhaliso lweWindows. Yifomathi yendalo yonke kwaye efundekayo-inokuhleleka-ukusuka nakuwuphi na umhleli wokubhaliweyo ohambelana ne-XML.

Undoqo kwifayile yeADMX kukuchaza, ngendlela esemgangathweni, ukuba yeyiphi imigaqo-nkqubo ekhoyo, ngawaphi amasebe obhaliso abachaphazelekayo, kunye nendlela umgaqo-nkqubo ngamnye omele ujongwe kwaye ulawulwe ngayo zombini inkqubo kunye nomlawuli. Oku kuvumela bonke abalawuli besizinda kunye neekhomputha ukutolika ulwazi olufanayo ukusuka kumthombo omnye (indawo yokugcina indawo) ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okongeziweyo okanye ukulungiswa.

Imiba yobugcisa kunye neempawu ezibalulekileyo zeADMX:

• Ifayile nganye idibanisa imigaqo-nkqubo ngokweendidi, ivumela ukhangelo lwenkqubo yolawulo kumhleli wenkqubo.
• Ziquka imethadatha malunga nenkqubo yokusebenza okanye isicelo esisichaphazelayo.
• Chaza izitshixo zobhaliso kunye namaxabiso aya kuguqulwa xa umgaqo-nkqubo usetyenziswa.
• Bavumela izinto zeelwimi ezininzi ngeefayile zeADML ezinxulumeneyo, eziqulethe iintambo eziguqulelweyo ukuze ziboniswe ngolwimi olufanelekileyo.
• Baxhasa iindidi ezininzi zegalelo: iintambo (okubhaliweyo), ezininzi (iMibhalo emininzi), uluhlu, i-booleans, idesimali kunye nokubalwa.

Indawo kunye nolawulo lweefayile zeADMX

Ukulawula iifayile ze-ADMX ngokufanelekileyo kufuna ukwazi ukuba kufuneka zigcinwe phi kwaye zisasazwe njani kwinethiwekhi. UMicrosoft ucebisa ukuba usebenzise i Indawo yokugcina impahla yommandla, oqhele ukuba sendleleni \\domain_name\SYSVOL\domain_name\Policies\PolicyDefinitionsXa ulayisha iADMX kunye neefayile zabo zeADML ezihambelanayo (ngolwimi) apha, nawuphi na umhleli wePolisi yeQela kwidomeyini uyazibhaqa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye azenze zifumaneke kwisicelo kunye nokuhlelwa.

Kwiindawo ezincinci okanye kwiikhompyuter ezizimeleyo, ii-ADMX nazo zinokufunyanwa kwaye zilawulwe kwifolda yendawo C:\Windows\PolicyDefinitionsOku kuluncedo kuvavanyo okanye xa utshintsho lufuneka kuphela koomatshini abahlukeneyo.

Kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa iinguqulelo zabo bonke abalawuli besizinda xa ungenisa okanye uhlaziya iifayile ze-ADMX ukuze ugweme ukungahambelani okanye iimpazamo xa usebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha, ngakumbi kwiindawo zamazwe ngamazwe apho iifayile ze-ADML kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo ezifunekayo kufuneka zihambelane.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ADMX kunye ne-ADML: ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokubonwa

Enye yenkqubela phambili enkulu ethe yafakwa yiADMX kuku ukwahlukana phakathi kwengqiqo (ifayile yeADMX, equlethe inkcazo yomgaqo-nkqubo) kunye nemitya yokubhaliweyo eboniswe kulwimi oluhambelanayo (ifayile yeADML). Ngoko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo ngamnye ochazwe kwi-ADMX unoguqulelo oluhambelanayo kunye nenkcazo kwiifayile ze-ADML, ezibekwe kwiifolda ezikhethekileyo zolwimi ngaphakathi kwePolisi yeeNgcaciso.

Oku akuncedi kuphela ulawulo kwimibutho enabasebenzisi bezizwe ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwandisa ukusetyenziswa komgaqo-nkqubo: ingqiqo iyingqayizivele, kwaye umboniso ulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ulwimi lomlawuli okanye umsebenzisi ofikelela kumhleli.

Ukudibanisa i-ADMX kuLawulo lwangoku: MDM kunye neLifu

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ulawulo lwesixhobo seWindows luye lwavela ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezisombululo ezivela I-MDM (uLawulo lwesiXhobo esiXhwayo) njengeMicrosoft Intune okanye i-Endpoint Manager. Apha, iifayile zeADMX zifumene ubomi obutsha, njengoko zidliwe yi ababoneleli ngenkonzo yoqwalaselo (CSPs) ukuhambisa imigaqo-nkqubo nakwizixhobo ezingaqhagamshelwanga kwi-domain yakudala, kodwa zilawulwa ukusuka kwilifu.

Zisebenza njani ii-ADMXs kwiimeko ze-MDM? Izixhobo zifumana imigaqo-nkqubo ngeeprofayili zoqwalaselo okanye i-XML payloads (SyncML), eguqulela ingqiqo equlethwe kwiifayile zeADMX kwiirejistri zenkqubo yangaphakathi okanye iiparamitha. Oku kuvumela amashishini anamhlanje, anamaqela asasazwe ngokwejografi okanye iimodeli ze-BYOD, ukugcina ukhuseleko olufanayo kunye nokungaguquguquki kolungelelwaniso oluphunyeziweyo ngaphambili kuphela ngemimandla kunye nabalawuli.

Ukongeza, ii-ADMXs zinokungeniswa ngokukhethayo kwiiplatifti zamafu, zikuvumela ukuba uchaze kuphela imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo kwaye uthintele iingxabano okanye ukungafuneki phakathi kwelifa kunye nolungelelwaniso lwangoku.

Ukuhlela kunye nokwenza iifayile zeADMX

Enye yezona zinto zinomtsalane kwiADMX yile inokuhlelwa kwaye yenziwe ngokwezifiso ngabalawuli ngokwabo ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno ezithile zombutho ngamnye. Kuba ziifayile ze-XML ezifundeka ngabantu, zinokuvulwa nakuwuphi na umhleli wombhalo ophucukileyo wokongeza, ukuguqula, okanye ukucima imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neeparamitha zazo.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo xa kulungiswa iifayile zeADMX, njengoko naziphi na iimpazamo zesintaksi okanye iingxabano zinokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwesicelo somgaqo-nkqubo. Ngoko ke, ihlala ikhuthazwa:

• Yenza ugcino phambi kwalo naluphi na utshintsho.
• Qinisekisa uhlengahlengiso kwizixhobo zovavanyo ngaphambi kokuba uzithumele kwimveliso.
• Amaxwebhu atshintshileyo enzelwa uphicotho lwexesha elizayo okanye uhlaziyo.

Kubalulekile ukukhankanya loo nto Iifayile ze-ADMX eziqhelekileyo zinokudalwa kwiiaplikeshini ezithile okanye iimfuno ezingabandakanywanga zitemplates ezisemthethweni zikaMicrosoft. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kwimibutho ephuhlisa isoftware yayo okanye iphumeze izixhobo zomntu wesithathu ezifuna ulawulo lweparameter ephakathi.

Ungangenisa njani kwaye usasaze njani iifayile zeADMX

Inkqubo yokwenza uninzi lweetemplate zolawulo ze-ADMX ziyohluka kancinane ngokuxhomekeke kwimo engqongileyo. Kwidomeyini yakudala, khuphela ngokulula iifayile zeADMX kunye neADML kwivenkile ephakathi kwaye uvule uMhleli wePolisi yeQela. Kwiindawo ezilawulwa ngamafu (MDM), kufuneka ungenise iifayile kwikhonsoli yolawulo, uzidibanise neeprofayili zoqwalaselo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iifayile zihlaziyiwe kwaye zibhekiselwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngokuphathelele Ukungenisa iithempleyithi kwizixhobo ezifana neCitrix Workspace Environment Management (WEM)Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iifayile ze-ADML zihambelana nolwimi kunye noguqulelo lweefayile ze-ADMX eziphantsi ukuphepha umboniso okanye iimpazamo zesicelo. Ukuba ithempleyithi enegama elifanayo neli sele lingenisiwe likhona, iinketho zinikiwe ukubhala ngaphezulu okanye ukugcina zombini iinguqulelo, kwaye kufuneka uqwalasele ifuthe lokuhlaziya okanye ukucima itemplates okunokuba nalo kuqwalaselo esele lusetyenzisiwe.

ULawulo oluPhezulu: Ukuhlela, ukubumba, kunye nokucima ii-GPO ezisekelwe kwi-ADMX

Nje ukuba itemplates zeADMX zingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle, iinkqubo zolawulo zikuvumela ukuba wenze lula, uhlele, uhlanganise, kwaye ucime ii-GPO (Iizinto zoMgaqo-nkqubo weQela). Abalawuli banokulawula izicwangciso ezininzi kwikhompyuter okanye kwinqanaba lomsebenzisi, bakhangele imigaqo-nkqubo ethile ngegama okanye ngodidi, kwaye balungise iiparamitha ezinje ngokubhaliweyo, uluhlu, amanani, okanye ukhetho lweBoolean njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-ADMX.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba: Ukuhlela okanye ukucima iiGPO ezikhoyo kunokuchaphazela abasebenzisi abanikezelweyo kunye neekhompyuterKe ngoko, uhlengahlengiso ngalunye kufuneka lukhatshwe kukuphononongwa ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa ukuphepha iimpembelelo ezingafunekiyo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Izixhobo zokukhangela kunye nokusebenza ngeefayile zeADMX

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezikhethekileyo kunye nezicelo zokulawula iifayile zeADMX:

• Umhleli woMgaqo-nkqubo weQela leWindows (gpedit.msc): Ikuvumela ukuba ulawule kwaye usebenzise yonke imigaqo-nkqubo echazwe kwiiADMX ezikhoyo.
• Izisombululo zamafu ezifana neMicrosoft Intune, iCitrix WEM okanye iBroadcom IT Management Suite: Ikuvumela ukuba ungenise ngaphandle, uhlele, kwaye usasaze i-ADMX kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ehambelana nayo kwimixube okanye kubume obugcweleyo belifu.
• Isikhangeli se-Ivanti ADMX (GPO): Iququzelela ukujongwa, ukukhangela, kunye nokulayishwa kweefayile zeADMX zesiko, ukuvumela uluhlu olubanzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo elawulekayo.
• Abahleli bombhalo abakwizinga eliphezulu: Ukulungiselela ukuhlelwa kweefayile zeADMX, ngaphandle kokuba unolwazi oluyimfuneko lwesakhiwo se-XML.

Ngezi zixhobo, abalawuli banokujonga zonke iisetingi ezikhoyo, baqonde ukuba ngawaphi amasebe obhaliso abawachaphazelayo, kwaye basebenzise utshintsho oluphakathi okanye kancinci.

Iintlobo zezinto ezilungiselelwayo kwiifayile zeADMX

IiADMX zixhasa ezininzi iintlobo zezinto eziqwalaselweyo, ivumela ukubamba iyantlukwano yeemfuno zoqwalaselo:

• Umbhalo: Umtya wokubhaliweyo olula, ogcinwe njenge REG_SZ kwindawo yobhaliso.
• MultiText: Imigca emininzi yokubhaliweyo, egcinwe njenge REG_MULTI_SZ.
• uluhlu: Uluhlu lwamagama-xabiso ngababini, amelwe njenge subtrees yobhaliso.
• Ibhoolean: Ipharamitha yeBhinary (yinyani/bubuxoki, inikwe amandla/ikhubazekileyo).
• enum: Ukukhethwa kwexabiso kwiseti yeenketho ezichazwe kwangaphambili.
• KwiSidimal: Ixabiso lamanani kunye nezingqinisiso zoluhlu.

Nganye kwezi zinto zitolikwa ngamaqonga olawulo kwaye ivumela ukumelwa ngokwezifiso kuMhleli woMgaqo-nkqubo weQela, nokuba ngaba ngeebhokisi zokutshekisha, iindawo ezibhaliweyo, iimenyu zokuhla, okanye iibhokisi zamanani.

Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa iifayile ze-ADMX kwiinkampani kunye nemibutho

Yamkela ukusetyenziswa kwe iifayile zeADMX kulawulo kunye noqwalaselo lwezixhobo kumbutho inika uluhlu iinzuzo eziphambili:

• I-Centralization kunye nokuhambelana: Bakuvumela ukuba useke kwaye usebenzise imithetho efanayo kuzo zonke iikhompyuter kunye nabasebenzisi, ukuphepha ukungafani kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko.
• Ukwahluka: Baququzelela ulawulo lobuninzi ngaphandle kokunyusa umsebenzi, ukuvumela amakhulu okanye amawaka ezixhobo ukuba zilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuzinza: Baziqhelanisa neemeko zombini zemveli kunye neendawo zakudala kunye nolawulo lwangoku olusekwe kwilifu kunye nezixhobo zomntu.
• Uphicotho-zincwadi nokuthotyelwa: Baququzelela ukulandelela kunye namaxwebhu otshintsho kwinqanaba lenkqubo, ukunceda ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthetho kunye nokulawula.
• Inkxaso yeelwimi ezininzi: Ngeefayile zeADML, unokulawula kwaye ujonge imigaqo-nkqubo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwemizamo yokuphindaphinda.

Iifayile ze-ADMX zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ulawulo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuguquguquka kweemeko zeWindows zangoku, ukusuka kumashishini amakhulu ukuya kwimibutho ephakathi kunye namaziko emfundo. Baququzelela ulawulo olusembindini, bonga ixesha, kwaye banqande iintloko ngokukuvumela ukuba ulawule ulungelelwaniso lwamawaka ezixhobo kunye nabasebenzisi ukusuka kwikhonsoli elula necacileyo, ngelixa beqhelana nolawulo lwamafu olutsha kunye neeparadigms ze-BYOD. Undoqo kukuqonda izakhono zabo, ukuzisebenzisa ngobulumko, kwaye ugcine yonke itemplate yolawulo ecosystem isexesheni.