Xa sisebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo Microsoft 365 (ILizwi, i-Excel, i-PowerPoint, njl.) phantse sihlala sinamathela kwifomati engagqibekanga yazo nganye yazo. Apha sichaza ezinye uncedo lokugcina iifayile zeOfisi yakho kwifomati ye-XML ekunokwenzeka ukuba awuyazi. Mhlawumbi ukususela ngoku uya kuqala ukucinga ukuyenza.
Kweli nqaku siza kuphonononga ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ifomathi ye-XML, isetyenziselwa ntoni kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, kutheni inomdla kakhulu kuthi njengesixhobo esinokusisebenzisa.
Yintoni ifomathi ye-XML?
I-XML sisishunqulelo se Xtensible Markup Language (Ulwimi Olulongezelelekileyo lweMarkup), luphuhliswe ukugcina idatha kwifom efundeka ngabo bonke abakhangeli behlabathi. Yenziwe ngaphakathi kwe-IBM phakathi kweminyaka engama-70 njengesisombululo sokugcina inani elikhulu ledatha ephethwe yinkampani.
Nangona ukusukela kwimvelaphi yayo ifomathi ye-XML ifumene izigxeko ezininzi ngenqanaba layo leenkcukacha kunye nobunzima, inyani kukuba isinika uthotho lwe ezintle ekufanele iqaqambise. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- Iyandiswa ngokongezwa kweethegi ezintsha.
- Isebenza ukunxibelelana nezicelo ezivela kumaqonga ahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kweempazamo okanye ukungahambelani okwenzekayo.
- Isinceda siguqule idatha ibe yinkcazelo.
Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke into, ifomathi ye-XML inesidima solwakhiwo lolwazi ngendlela engabonakaliyo nesebenzisekayo. Ilungu ngalinye lalo licwangciswe ngeeleyibhile, lilandela ulwakhiwo oluluqilima olululo.
I-XML ayifani ne-HTML
Kumphezulu, indlela i-HTML kunye neXML ezicwangciswe ngayo ziphantse zafana, kodwa kukho umahluko omnye omkhulu phakathi kwazo. Kulwimi lwe-HTML, iithegi zichaza ukubonakala kwedatha (indawo yesihloko, indawo yemihlathi, njl.), ngelixa en XML, ziithegi ngokwazo ezichaza ubume kunye nentsingiselo yedatha.
Omnye umahluko kukuba i-HTML inikezela ngeseti engagqibekanga yeethegi bonke abasebenzisi abanokwabelana ngazo. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-XML umsebenzisi ngamnye unokudala iilebhile zabo. Njengesiphumo soku, kwiimeko ezithile i-XML inokutshintsha i-HTML, nangona ingeyiyo enye indlela.
Ulwimi olusetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele
Ngokomgaqo, iifayile ze-XML zisetyenziselwa kwihlabathi jikelele ukuthumela kunye nokungenisa umxholo wedatha. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba i-a isixhobo esisekwe kulwimi lwehlabathi, esenziwe lula kwaye salungiselelwa ukusetyenziswa kwi-Intanethi.
Omnye umba ongabalulekanga kangako ekufuneka siwuxabise kukuba i-XML ayiyo nayiphi na inkampani, ke Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kusimahla.
Izinto ezilungileyo zokusebenzisa i-XML
Kutheni kulungele kangaka ukugcina iifayile zeOfisi kwifomathi yeXML? Okokuqala, kufuneka siqaqambise isimo sayo njenge ulwimi olusebenziseka lula, eqondakala ngokugqibeleleyo kuzo zonke iibhrawuza. Kodwa, ukongeza koko, ikwalulwimi lwendalo yonke oluqhelanisa nazo zonke iilwimi kunye noonobumba. Oko kukuthi, kunjalo ngokulinganayo kubo bobabini oomatshini kunye nabantu.
Nabani na unokufunda ukusebenzisa i-XML ngaphandle kokuba nolwazi olubanzi lobuchwephesha. Kufuneka nje ukhumbule ukuba isebenza ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esinemigangatho enemithetho engqongqo kodwa elula yokwakheka.
Ngokumalunga neMicrosoft Office, kufuneka siyikhumbule loo nto i-ofisi suite isebenzisa iifomati zefayile ezisekelwe kwi-XML ngokungagqibekanga (.docx, .xlsx kunye .pptx). Oku kwenza inzuzo enkulu, kuba ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bachaze ii-schemas zabo kwaye basebenzise idatha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye konke simahla.
Enye inzuzo kukuba iifomati ezintsha ze-XML zisebenzisa i-ZIP kunye nezinye iinkqubo zoxinzelelo Kuyenzeka ukunciphisa ubungakanani beefayile ukuya kuthi ga kwi-75%. Akukho nto.
Okokugqibela, kufuneka sithethe ngomba we khu seleko. Ekubeni ifundeka ngokupheleleyo ngumsebenzisi, nayiphi na ifayile eyonakeleyo inokuvulwa kwisifundi sokubhaliweyo esilula, esifana neMicrosoft Notepad, ukubuyisela ulwazi kunye nokwenza izilungiso.
Iifayile ezintsha nazo zikhuseleke ngakumbi, kuba zingenakho ukuqulatha ikhowudi yeVisual Basic for Applications (VBA). Ukuqinisa ngakumbi icandelo kwi ngasese, kukho ithuba lokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne "document inspector", phakathi kwezinye izinto ezisivumelayo cima idatha yomntu.
Vula izixhobo zeXML kwiOfisi
Xa usebenzisa ezi zixhobo ze-XML kwi-Microsoft Office, kufuneka wazi ukuba i Developer tab ayivezwa ngokwendalo. Kuyimfuneko ukuyongeza kwiribhoni xa unika imiyalelo ngesandla. Nantsi indlela yokwenza:
- Okokuqala masiye kwithebhu Oovimba.
- Apho sikhetha "Khetha" kwaye, kwibhokisi entsha evulayo, sikhetha "Yenza iribhoni ngokwezifiso."
- Kweli candelo siya kulo "Iithebhu eziphambili", apho sivula ibhokisi uMcwangcisi.
Emva kokwenza oku, ithebhu yoMphuhlisi iya kuhlala ibonakala, ngaphandle kokuba siyenza ingasebenzi kwakhona okanye siyifake kwakhona enye yeenkqubo eziyinxalenye yeMicrosoft 365.